SLEEP DISTURBANCES
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SLEEP DISTURBANCES

About 20–30% of the population suffer from sleep disturbances. Initially, sleep disturbances are just unpleasant and annoying, and are sometimes dismissed as short-term disorders of wellbeing. If they don’t resolve, they gradually start to have an unsettling effect. Within a few days, difficulties with perception, delusions and problems with concentration occur. If sleep deprivation continues for longer, this can cause serious damage to the mind and body. In general, the term ‘sleep disturbance’ is used if the length or quality of sleep is experienced subjectively as not normal.
Strictly speaking, it is not defined as a sleep disorder until the disturbance has lasted for at least one month for at least 3 nights per week. A distinction is made between difficulties with falling sleep and with sleeping through. The characteristic feature of difficulties with falling asleep is that the individual hasn’t fallen asleep 30 minutes after going to bed. People often lie awake for a frustratingly long time and count sheep, but still can’t go to sleep. Difficulties with sleeping through the night involve waking up during the night, which often results in lying awake for a long time.

Causes of sleep disturbances

Sleep disturbances can have mental or physical causes. They are often the result of the events of the day being processed. After a bad night, you don’t feel rested the next day. You intend to sleep better the next night but you don’t manage this because of the pressure you have put yourself under. So you may well make your sleep problem worse yourself.

Changes to the sleep rhythm (e.g. because of shift work) and different time zones on long journeys (jet lag) are other contributory factors to sleep disturbances. External factors (noise, temperature) can also disturb your sleep significantly. Sleep disturbances can be tormenting.

Daytime fatigue, reduced concentration and impaired performance can have health-related, mental and social consequences.


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Causes of sleep disturbances

Sleep disturbances can have mental or physical causes. They are often the result of the events of the day being processed. After a bad night, you don’t feel rested the next day. You intend to sleep better the next night but you don’t manage this because of the pressure you have put yourself under. So you may well make your sleep problem worse yourself.
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Baldurat® – Active ingredient: dry extract of valerian root (3 - 6 : 1) [extraction agent: 70% ethanol (V/V)]. Indicated for the treatment of restlessness and disturbances in going sleep of nervous origin. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, D-25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (July 2001).

Nitrolingual akut® Spray – Active ingredient: glyceryl trinitrate. Composition: 1 metered dose oromucusal spray contains 0.4 mg glyceryl trinitrate. Other ingredients: medium-chain triglycerides and partial glycerides, ethanol anhydrans, peppermint oil. Indications: prophylaxis and treatment of acute attacks of angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, acute left-ventricular heart failure, catheter-induced coronary spasms. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or other nitrate compounds, acute circulatory failure, cardiogenic shock, marked hypotension (syst BP < 90 mmHg), intake of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Caution in cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, low filling pressures (e.g. in cases of acute MI; avoid syst BP < 90 mmHg), aortic and/or mitral stenosis, orthostatic circulatory disorders, increased intracranial pressure. During pregnancy and breast-feeding, only after careful consideration whether the benefits outweigh the risks. Side effects: headache very frequent at the start of treatment, frequent hypotension with reflex tachycardia, drowsiness, dizziness and weakness. Occasional nausea, vomiting, flush, allergic skin reactions, marked decreases in blood pressure with exacerbation of angina pectoris symptoms, bradycardia with fainting. Very rare, exfoliative dermatitis. Development of tolerance and cross tolerance possible, avoid continuous high dosing. Hypoxaemia and ischaemia may occur in CHD. The ability to drive vehicles or operate machines may be impaired, especially in combination with alcohol consumption. PO. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (1).
GeloMyrtol® forte – Active ingredient: distillate of a mixture of rectified eucalyptus oil, rectified sweet orange oil, rectified myrtle oil and rectified lemon oil (66:32:1:1) (Myrtol® standardized). Indicated for acute and chronic bronchitis and inflammation of the maxillary sinuses (sinusitis). For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (01/6).
Laxopol® 1.0 g – Active ingredient: refined castor oil. For the short-term treatment of constipation. Medical advice should sought for constipation that lasts for longer than 1 week. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (6).
GeloBronchial®-Saft – Active ingredient: liquid extract of thyme. Indications: common cold like disorders of the airways with catarrh, alleviation of symptoms of bronchitis. Warning: Ingredients include invert sugar syrup and 6.3 Vol.-% alcohol. Diabetics: sugar content of 0.75 BEU per 15 mL syrup. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (01/11).
GeloDurat®-Salbe – Active ingredient: eucalyptus oil and levomenthol. For external use to alleviate the symptoms of  respiratory tract infections (common cold, hoarseness and uncomplicated bronchial catarrh). For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (01/5).

Nitrolingual® infus. – Active ingredient: glycerol trinitrate. Composition: 1 ml infusion solution contains 1 mg glycerol trinitrate. Other ingredients: glucose monohydrate (Ph.Eur.), 10% hydrochloric acid solution (for pH adjustment), water for injections. Indications: severe angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, acute left-ventricular heart failure, hypertensive crisis with acute heart failure, controlled hypotension. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or other nitrate compounds, acute circulatory failure, cardiogenic shock, toxic pulmonary oedema, marked hypotension (syst BP < 90 mmHg), disorders with increased intracranial pressure, intake of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Caution in cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, low filling pressures (e.g. in cases of acute MI; avoid syst BP < 90 mmHg), aortic and/or mitral valve stenosis, tendency to orthostatic circulatory disorders, severe liver or kidney disturbances. During pregnancy and breast-feeding, only if prescribed by a physician. Side effects: headache very frequent at the start of treatment; hypotension with reflex tachycardia may occur. Occasional nausea, vomiting, flush, allergic skin reactions, marked decreases in blood pressure with exacerbation of angina pectoris symptoms, bradycardia with fainting and synopses. Very rare, exfoliative dermatitis. Development of tolerance and cross tolerance possible, avoid continuous high dosing. Hypoxaemia and ischaemia may occur in CHD. The ability to drive vehicles or operate machines may be impaired, especially in combination with alcohol consumption. PO. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (July 2008).
GeloVital® Lebertrankapseln – 0.5 g/1.0 g – Active ingredient: Codliveroil for general strengthening and invigoration. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (01/5/2).

GeloNasal®- 0.05%/-Spray 0.10% – Active ingredient: xylometazoline hydrochloride. Indications: for local application in  the nose. Contains the alpha-sympathomimetic xylometazoline. This substance narrows the blood vessels thereby reducing swelling of the mucous membrane. GeloNasal®-Tropfen 0.05%: for children between 2 and 6 years; GeloNasal®-Spray 0.10%: for schoolchildren older than 6 years and adults. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt, Germany (01/13/13).
Gelo®-Bronchialtee 400 – Active ingredients: dry extract of thyme (6.0 – 10.0:1) [70% (V/V) ethanol] and ivy leaves (4.0 – 7.5:1) [30% (V/V) ethanol]. Indications: common cold and upper respiratory tract infections (catarrh), alleviation of symptoms of bronchitis. For information on risks and side effects, read the package leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist. G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co. KG, 25551 Hohenlockstedt (01/01).